|
The Union of Right Forces political party, or SPS ((ロシア語:Сою́з Пра́вых Сил, СПС)/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russian neoliberal political public organization and former party, initially founded as an electoral bloc in 1999 and associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the "young reformers" of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, and Yegor Gaidar. The party was officially self-dissolved in 2008. Nikita Belykh was the party's last leader in 2005-2008. In 2011, the SPS was refounded by some of its former members as the Union of Right Forces Movement. In 2012, it was registered as a ''political public organization'', a type of NGO. In Russia, participation in elections require being accepted into the list of political parties controlled by the Ministry of Justice. The current leader of the SPS is Leonid Gozman. Both the former SPS and the refounded SPS were accepted as an associate member of the International Democrat Union. ==Political party (1999-2008)== The Union of Right Forces is considered by Western media organs ''The Economist'' and the BBC to be one of the few Russian parties that support Western-style capitalism, socio-politically the party is more conservative. Its headquarters are located in Moscow. The SPS was established in 1999, following a merger of several smaller liberal parties, including Democratic Choice of Russia and Democratic Russia. In the 1999 parliamentary elections the SPS won 8.6% of the vote and 32 seats in the Russian State Duma (lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia). From 2000 to 2003, the SPS was led by former Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov. Under Nemtsov's leadership, SPS strongly opposed what they saw to be the authoritarian policies of President Vladimir Putin and argued that political and media freedoms in Russia had been curtailed. In the 2000 presidential election, the SPS supported Vladimir Putin's candidacy, though many of the party leaders supported Grigory Yavlinsky. In the 2003 parliamentary elections the SPS, according to official results, received 4% of the vote and failed to cross the 5% threshold necessary for parliamentary representation. A number of SPS candidates came second in single-mandate electoral districts the party had previously held, such as Irina Khakamada in St. Petersburg, Vladimir V. Kara-Murza in Moscow, or Boris Nadezhdin in the Moscow region. Despite allegations of fraud, Boris Nemtsov accepted responsibility for the election defeat and resigned as SPS leader in January 2004. On 28 May 2005 Nikita Belykh was elected as the new leader of the party. Plans to merge with Yabloko were shelved in late 2006.〔(Russian liberal SPS, Yabloko parties give up unification plans ) RIA Novosti, 16 December 2006.〕 The party won 0.96% of votes in the 2007 elections, not breaking the 7% barrier, and thus received no seats in the Duma. In 2008, Nikita Belyh left his chair to Leonid Goizman. On 1 October 2008, the federal political council of the party voted to dissolve the party and merge it with Civilian Power and Democratic Party of Russia, forming a new liberal-democratic party called Right Cause,〔(SPS Party Announced Dissolution ) Kommersant, 2 October 2008〕 which succeeded the SPS as a member of the International Democrat Union. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Union of Right Forces」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|